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Fiduciary International, Inc.
Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures
Responsibility of Investment Manager to Vote Proxies

Fiduciary International, Inc. (hereinafter "Investment Manager") has delegated its administrative duties with respect to voting proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (the "Proxy Group"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC provides a variety of general corporate services to its affiliates, including but not limited to legal and compliance activities. Proxy duties consist of analyzing proxy statements of issuers whose stock is owned by any client (including both investment companies and any separate accounts managed by Investment Manager) that has either delegated proxy voting administrative responsibility to Investment Manager or has asked for information and/or recommendations on the issues to be voted. The Proxy Group will process proxy votes on behalf of, and Investment Manager votes proxies solely in the interests of, separate account clients, Investment Manager-managed mutual fund shareholders, or, where employee benefit plan assets are involved, in the interests of the plan participants and beneficiaries (collectively, "Advisory Clients") that have properly delegated such responsibility or will inform Advisory Clients that have not delegated the voting responsibility but that have requested voting advice about Investment Manager's views on such proxy votes. The Proxy Group also provides these services to other advisory affiliates of Investment Manager.

How Investment Manager Votes Proxies

Fiduciary Considerations. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon Investment Manager's instructions and/or policies. To assist it in analyzing proxies, Investment Manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group ("RiskMetrics"), an unaffiliated third party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, record keeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, Investment Manager subscribes to Glass Lewis & Co., LLC ("Glass Lewis"), an unaffiliated third party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics' and/or Glass Lewis' analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, Investment Manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or any other third party to be determinative of Investment Manager's ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors and employees of Investment Manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of Advisory Clients.

Conflicts of Interest. All conflicts of interest will be resolved in the interests of the Advisory Clients. Investment Manager is an affiliate of a large, diverse financial services firm with many affiliates and makes its best efforts to avoid conflicts of interest. However, conflicts of interest can arise in situations where:
  1. The issuer is a client1 of Investment Manager or its affiliates;


  2. The issuer is a vendor whose products or services are material or significant to the business of Investment Manager or its affiliates;


  3. The issuer is an entity participating to a material extent in the distribution of investment products advised, administered or sponsored by Investment Manager or its affiliates (e.g., a broker, dealer or bank);²


  4. An Access Person³ of Investment Manager or its affiliates also serves as a director or officer of the issuer;


  5. A director or trustee of Franklin Resources, Inc. or of a Franklin Templeton investment product, or an immediate family member4 of such director or trustee, also serves as an officer or director of the issuer; or


  6. The issuer is Franklin Resources, Inc. or any of its proprietary investment products.

Nonetheless, even though a potential conflict of interest exists, the Investment Manager may vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer's management.

Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, broker and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. The Proxy Group gathers and analyzes this information on a best efforts basis, as much of this information is provided directly by individuals and groups other than the Proxy Group, and the Proxy Group relies on the accuracy of the information it receives from such parties.

In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or those of another independent third party provider of proxy services or send the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Clients with the Investment Manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Advisory Client, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the Investment Manager, if any, to a Proxy Review Committee comprised of representatives from the Portfolio Management (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by Investment Manager), Fund Administration, Legal and Compliance Departments within Franklin Templeton for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or those of another independent third party provider of proxy services or send the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Clients.

Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to an Advisory Client, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Advisory Client, such as the board of directors or trustees or a committee of the board in the case of a U. S. registered mutual fund, the conducting officer in the case of an open-ended collective investment scheme formed as a Société d'investissement à capital variable (SICAV), the Independent Review Committee for Canadian investment funds, or a plan administrator in the case of an employee benefit plan. The Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee may determine to vote all shares held by Advisory Clients in accordance with the instructions of one or more of the Advisory Clients.

The Proxy Review Committee may independently review proxies that are identified as presenting material conflicts of interest; determine the appropriate action to be taken in such situations (including whether to defer to an independent third party or refer a matter to an Advisory Client); report the results of such votes to Investment Manager's clients as may be requested; and recommend changes to the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures as appropriate.

The Proxy Review Committee will also decide whether to vote proxies for securities deemed to present conflicts of interest that are sold following a record date, but before a shareholder meeting date. The Proxy Review Committee may consider various factors in deciding whether to vote such proxies, including Investment Manager's long-term view of the issuer's securities for investment, or it may defer the decision to vote to the applicable Advisory Client.

Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the Investment Manager's vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) "Other Business" without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the Investment Manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer's management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the Investment Manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Clients for approval.

To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the Investment Manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when a Franklin Templeton investment company invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d)(1)(E), (F), or (G) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order; (2) when a Franklin Templeton investment company invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to an SEC exemptive order ("cash sweep arrangement"); or (3) when required pursuant to an account's governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the Investment Manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the fund's shares.

Weight Given Management Recommendations. One of the primary factors Investment Manager considers when determining the desirability of investing in a particular company is the quality and depth of that company's management. Accordingly, the recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that Investment Manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, Investment Manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of Investment Manager's ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and Investment Manager will not support the position of a company's management in any situation where it determines that the ratification of management's position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company's shares.

The Proxy Group

The Proxy Group is part of the Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC Legal Department and is overseen by legal counsel. Full-time staff members are devoted to proxy voting administration and providing support and assistance where needed. On a daily basis, the Proxy Group will review each proxy upon receipt as well as any agendas, materials and recommendations that they receive from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or other sources. The Proxy Group maintains a log of all shareholder meetings that are scheduled for companies whose securities are held by Investment Manager's managed funds and accounts. For each shareholder meeting, a member of the Proxy Group will consult with the research analyst that follows the security and provide the analyst with the meeting notice, agenda, RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis analyses, recommendations and any other available information. Except in situations identified as presenting material conflicts of interest, Investment Manager's research analyst and relevant portfolio manager(s) are responsible for making the final voting decision based on their review of the agenda, RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis analyses, their knowledge of the company and any other information readily available. In situations where the Investment Manager has not responded with vote recommendations to the Proxy Group by the deadline date, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of an independent third party provider of proxy services. Except in cases where the Proxy Group is deferring to the voting recommendation of an independent third party service provider, the Proxy Group must obtain voting instructions from Investment Manager's research analyst, relevant portfolio manager(s), legal counsel and/or the Advisory Client or Proxy Review Committee prior to submitting the vote.

General Proxy Voting Guidelines

Investment Manager has adopted general guidelines for voting proxies as summarized below. In keeping with its fiduciary obligations to its Advisory Clients, Investment Manager reviews all proposals, even those that may be considered to be routine matters. Although these guidelines are to be followed as a general policy, in all cases each proxy and proposal will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances. Investment Manager may deviate from the general policies and procedures when it determines that the particular facts and circumstances warrant such deviation to protect the interests of the Advisory Clients. These guidelines cannot provide an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise nor can Investment Manager anticipate all future situations. Corporate governance issues are diverse and continually evolving and Investment Manager devotes significant time and resources to monitor these changes.

Investment Manager's Proxy Voting Policies and Principles

Investment Manager's proxy voting positions have been developed based on years of experience with proxy voting and corporate governance issues. These principles have been reviewed by various members of Investment Manager's organization, including portfolio management, legal counsel, and Investment Manager's officers. The Board of Directors of Franklin Templeton's U.S.-registered mutual funds will approve the proxy voting policies and procedures annually.

The following guidelines reflect what Investment Manager believes to be good corporate governance and behavior:

Board of Directors: The election of directors and an independent board are key to good corporate governance. Directors are expected to be competent individuals and they should be accountable and responsive to shareholders. Investment Manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. Investment Manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. Investment Manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, Investment Manager will review this issue on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration other factors including the company's corporate governance guidelines and performance. Investment Manager evaluates proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis and considers such factors as corporate governance provisions as well as relative performance. The Investment Manager generally will support non-binding shareholder proposals to require a majority vote standard for the election of directors; however, if these proposals are binding, the Investment Manager will give careful review on a case-by-case basis of the potential ramifications of such implementation.

Ratification of Auditors: In light of several high profile accounting scandals, Investment Manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, Investment Manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. Investment Manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence attributable to the auditors.

Management & Director Compensation: A company's equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders' long-term interests. Investment Manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. Investment Manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable. Investment Manager reviews the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plan. Investment Manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment "evergreen" feature. Investment Manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.

Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although Investment Manager will generally oppose "golden parachutes" that are considered excessive. Investment Manager will normally support proposals that require that a percentage of directors' compensation be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of the shareholders.

Anti-Takeover Mechanisms and Related Issues: Investment Manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, Investment Manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, Investment Manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm Advisory Clients' interests as stockholders. Investment Manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans ("poison pills") to be subject to a shareholder vote. Investment Manager will closely evaluate shareholder rights' plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. Investment Manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. In addition, Investment Manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of "greenmail." Investment Manager usually supports "fair price" provisions and confidential voting.

Changes to Capital Structure: Investment Manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. Investment Manager will carefully review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. Investment Manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. Investment Manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable. Investment Manager will review proposals seeking preemptive rights on a case-by-case basis.

Mergers and Corporate Restructuring: Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. Investment Manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.

Social and Corporate Policy Issues: As a fiduciary, Investment Manager is primarily concerned about the financial interests of its Advisory Clients. Investment Manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues although Investment Manager may vote in favor of those issues that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications.

Global Corporate Governance: Investment Manager manages investments in countries worldwide. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to Investment Manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, Investment Manager must be flexible in these worldwide markets and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region. As experienced money managers, Investment Manager's analysts are skilled in understanding the complexities of the regions in which they specialize and are trained to analyze proxy issues germane to their regions.

Proxy Procedures

The Proxy Group is fully cognizant of its responsibility to process proxies and maintain proxy records pursuant to applicable rules and regulations, including those of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the Canadian Securities Administrators ("CSA"). In addition, Investment Manager understands its fiduciary duty to vote proxies and that proxy voting decisions may affect the value of shareholdings. Therefore, Investment Manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign securities. However, there may be situations in which Investment Manager cannot vote proxies. For example, if the cost of voting a foreign proxy outweighs the benefit of voting, the Proxy Group may refrain from processing that vote. Additionally, the Proxy Group may not be given enough time to process the vote. For example, the Proxy Group, through no fault of their own, may receive a meeting notice from the company too late, or may be unable to obtain a timely translation of the agenda. In addition, if Investment Manager has outstanding sell orders, or anticipates placing sell orders prior to the date of the shareholder meeting, in certain markets that have blocking restrictions, the proxies for those meetings may not be voted in order to facilitate the sale of those securities. If a security is on loan, Investment Manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of its clients to recall the security for voting purposes. Although Investment Manager may hold shares on a company's record date, should it sell them prior to the company's meeting date, Investment Manager ultimately may decide not to vote those shares. Lastly, the Investment Manager will not vote proxies when prohibited from voting by applicable law.

Investment Manager may vote against an agenda item where no further information is provided, particularly in non-U.S. markets. For example, if "Other Business" is listed on the agenda with no further information included in the proxy materials, Investment Manager may vote against the item to send a message to the company that if it had provided additional information, Investment Manager may have voted in favor of that item. Investment Manager may also enter a "withhold" vote on the election of certain directors from time to time based on individual situations, particularly where Investment Manager is not in favor of electing a director and there is no provision for voting against such director.

The following describes the standard procedures that are to be followed with respect to carrying out Investment Manager's proxy policy:
  1. The Proxy Group will identify all Advisory Clients, maintain a list of those clients, and indicate those Advisory Clients who have delegated proxy voting authority to the Investment Manager. The Proxy Group will periodically review and update this list.
  2. All relevant information in the proxy materials received (e.g., the record date of the meeting) will be recorded immediately by the Proxy Group in a database to maintain control over such materials. The Proxy Group will confirm each relevant Advisory Client's holdings of the securities and that the client is eligible to vote.
  3. The Proxy Group will review and compile information on each proxy upon receipt of any agendas, materials, reports, recommendations from RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis, or other information. The Proxy Group will then forward this information to the appropriate research analyst and/or legal counsel for review and voting instructions.
  4. In determining how to vote, Investment Manager's analysts and relevant portfolio manager(s) will consider the General Proxy Voting Guidelines set forth above, their in-depth knowledge of the company, any readily available information and research about the company and its agenda items, and the recommendations put forth by RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or other independent third party providers of proxy services.
  5. The Proxy Group is responsible for maintaining the documentation that supports Investment Manager's voting position. Such documentation may include, but is not limited to, any information provided by RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis, or other proxy service providers, and, especially as to non-routine, materially significant or controversial matters, memoranda describing the position it has taken. Additionally, the Proxy Group may include documentation obtained from the research analyst, portfolio manager, legal counsel and/or the Proxy Review Committee.
  6. After the proxy is completed but before it is returned to the issuer and/or its agent, the Proxy Group may review those situations including special or unique documentation to determine that the appropriate documentation has been created, including conflict of interest screening.
  7. The Proxy Group will attempt to submit Investment Manager's vote on all proxies to RiskMetrics for processing at least three days prior to the meeting for U.S. securities and 10 days prior to the meeting for foreign securities. However, in certain foreign jurisdictions it may be impossible to return the proxy 10 days in advance of the meeting. In these situations, the Proxy Group will use its best efforts to send the proxy vote to RiskMetrics in sufficient time for the vote to be processed.
  8. The Proxy Group prepares reports for each client that has requested a record of votes cast. The report specifies the proxy issues that have been voted for the client during the requested period and the position taken with respect to each issue. The Proxy Group sends one copy to the client, retains a copy in the Proxy Group's files and forwards a copy to either the appropriate portfolio manager or the client service representative. While many Advisory Clients prefer quarterly or annual reports, the Proxy Group will provide reports for any timeframe requested by a client.
  9. If the Franklin Templeton Services, LLC Fund Treasury Department learns of a vote on a material event that will affect a security on loan, the Fund Treasury Department will notify Investment Manager and obtain instructions regarding whether Investment Manager desires the Fund Treasury Department to contact the custodian bank in an effort to retrieve the securities. If so requested by Investment Manager, the Fund Treasury Department shall use its best efforts to recall any security on loan and will use other practicable and legally enforceable means to ensure that Investment Manager is able to fulfill its fiduciary duty to vote proxies for Advisory Clients with respect to such loaned securities. The Fund Treasury Department will advise the Proxy Group of all recalled securities.
  10. The Proxy Group, in conjunction with Legal Staff responsible for coordinating Fund disclosure, on a timely basis, will file all required Form N-PXs, with respect to investment company clients, disclose that its proxy voting record is available on the web site, and will make available the information disclosed in its Form N-PX as soon as is reasonably practicable after filing Form N-PX with the SEC.
  11. The Proxy Group, in conjunction with Legal Staff responsible for coordinating Fund disclosure, will ensure that all required disclosure about proxy voting of the investment company clients is made in such clients' financial statements and disclosure documents.
  12. The Proxy Group will review the guidelines of RiskMetrics and Glass Lewis, with special emphasis on the factors they use with respect to proxy voting recommendations.
  13. The Proxy Group will familiarize itself with the procedures of RiskMetrics that govern the transmission of proxy voting information from the Proxy Group to RiskMetrics and periodically review how well this process is functioning.
  14. The Proxy Group will investigate, or cause others to investigate, any and all instances where these Procedures have been violated or there is evidence that they are not being followed. Based upon the findings of these investigations, the Proxy Group, if practicable, will recommend amendments to these Procedures to minimize the likelihood of the reoccurrence of non-compliance.
  15. At least annually, the Proxy Group will verify that:
    • Each proxy or a sample of proxies received has been voted in a manner consistent with these Procedures and the Proxy Voting Guidelines;
    • Each proxy or sample of proxies received has been voted in accordance with the instructions of the Investment Manager;
    • Adequate disclosure has been made to clients and fund shareholders about the procedures and how proxies were voted; and
    • Timely filings were made with applicable regulators related to proxy voting.
The Proxy Group is responsible for maintaining appropriate proxy voting records. Such records will include, but are not limited to, a copy of all materials returned to the issuer and/or its agent, the documentation described above, listings of proxies voted by issuer and by client, and any other relevant information. The Proxy Group may use an outside service such as RiskMetrics to support this function. All records will be retained for at least five years, the first two of which will be on-site. Advisory Clients may request copies of their proxy voting records by calling the Proxy Group collect at 1-954-527-7678, or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1500, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394, Attention: Proxy Group. Advisory Clients may review Investment Manager's proxy voting policies and procedures on-line at www.franklintempleton.com and may request additional copies by calling the number above. For U.S. mutual fund products, an annual proxy voting record for the period ending June 30 of each year will be posted to www.franklintempleton.com no later than August 31 of each year. For Canadian mutual fund products, an annual proxy voting record for the period ending June 30 of each year will be posted to www.franklintempleton.ca no later than August 31 of each year. The Proxy Group will periodically review web site posting and update the posting when necessary. In addition, the Proxy Group is responsible for ensuring that the proxy voting policies, procedures and records of the Investment Manager are available as required by law and is responsible for overseeing the filing of such policies, procedures and mutual fund voting records with the SEC, the CSA and other applicable regulators.
Footnotes 
  
1. For purposes of this section, a "client" does not include underlying investors in a commingled trust, Canadian pooled fund, or other pooled investment vehicle managed by the Investment Manager or its affiliates. Sponsors of funds sub-advised by Investment Manager or its affiliates will be considered a "client."
2. The top 40 executing broker-dealers (based on gross brokerage commissions and client commissions), and distributors (based on aggregate 12b-1 distribution fees), as determined on a quarterly basis, will be considered to present a potential conflict of interest. In addition, any insurance company that has entered into a participation agreement with a Franklin Templeton entity to distribute the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust or other variable products will be considered to present a potential conflict of interest.
3. "Access Person" shall have the meaning provided under the current Code of Ethics of Franklin Resources, Inc.
4. The term "immediate family member" means a person's spouse; child residing in the person's household (including step and adoptive children); and any dependent of the person, as defined in Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 152).
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