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Philosophy

We believe that an effective, sustainable global economy is essential to the creation of potential long-term value. We believe that transparency and reliability of information regarding all types of financially material investment topics benefit our clients and shareholders, and that consideration of financially relevant environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information can help contribute to fulfillment of our fiduciary duty.

ESG integration at Putnam

Putnam incorporates consideration of financially material ESG issues in our investment research processes. As active managers, we are committed to conducting thorough research when pursuing investment opportunities for our clients. We consider ESG analysis as additive and complementary to the fundamental understanding that is at the center of our investment philosophy. When focused on issues that are financially relevant to a particular business or security type, it has potential to add to overall investment insight and to improve decision making.

The investment relevance, or financial materiality, of specific ESG issues varies by sector, geography, asset class, and company context. Putnam's internally developed materiality map, inspired by the work of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), which is now part of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), illustrates how relevance of ESG issues can vary across sectors.

ESG Integration policy

As asset managers, we believe that an effective, sustainable global economy is essential to the creation of potential long-term value.

Equity materiality map

Our internally developed materiality map, which shows the degree of financial relevance of ESG issues across industry sectors, guides our investment research.

Stewardship

As an asset manager, our investment stewardship aims to provide long-term value through active ownership, monitoring, and engagement with the issuers of the securities we hold in our clients’ portfolios. As active managers, we are committed to conducting thorough research and to incorporating fundamental insight into all of our activities and decisions, including corporate engagement. We believe all investors benefit from effective governance practices and appropriate transparency regarding financially material business issues, including relevant ESG issues.

Approach

Our stewardship strategy has four components, including issuer-specific engagement that occurs in our investment process, thematic engagement, proxy voting, and participation in collaborative initiatives. All stewardship activity is undertaken with the goal of benefiting our clients and shareholders through long-term financial performance.
 

Stewardship policy

Our investment stewardship aims to provide long-term value through active ownership, monitoring, and engagement with the issuers of the securities we hold in our clients’ portfolios.

Stewardship Report

Our report illustrates Putnam’s continued conviction in the power of investment-centric stewardship and its central role in contributing to long-term financial results for our clients, ongoing progress for issuers and their governance, and a healthy global financial system.

Proxy overview, policies and voting records

Through proxy voting, the Trustees seek to make company management accountable and to align the interests of management with those of shareholders of the Funds.

Many of Putnam’s investment management clients, including the Putnam Funds, have delegated to Putnam the authority to vote proxies for shares held in the client accounts Putnam manages. These functions are managed by our internal Proxy Committee and Legal and Compliance Division and are undertaken with the consistent goal of promoting strong corporate governance, acting in the best interests of our shareholders and clients. Putnam will vote proxies and maintain records of voting of shares for which Putnam has proxy-voting authority in accordance with its fiduciary obligations and applicable law.

Policies and Reports

ESG Integration policy

As asset managers, we believe that an effective, sustainable global economy is essential to the creation of potential long-term value.

Stewardship Report

Our report illustrates Putnam's continued conviction in the power of investment-led stewardship and its central role in contributing to long-term financial results for our clients, ongoing progress for issuers and their governance, and a healthy global financial system.

Stewardship policy

Our investment stewardship aims to provide long-term value through active ownership, monitoring, and engagement with the issuers of the securities we hold in our clients’ portfolios.

Climate-Related Risk and Opportunity Report

Climate risk and environmental management are key focus areas for Putnam as these issues present increasingly notable risks and important opportunities for businesses and investors.