Products, services and information may not be available in all jurisdictions and are offered outside the U.S. by other FT affiliates and/or their distributors as local laws and regulation permits. Please consult your own financial professional or Franklin Templeton institutional contact for further information on availability of products and services in your jurisdiction.
This material is intended to be of general interest only and should not be construed as individual investment advice or a recommendation or solicitation to buy, sell or hold any security or to adopt any investment strategy. It does not constitute legal or tax advice. The views expressed are those of the investment manager and the comments, opinions and analyses are rendered as at publication date and may change without notice. The information provided in this material is not intended as a complete analysis of every material fact regarding any country, region or market. All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal.
Americas:
Canada: Franklin Templeton Investments Corp., 200 King Street West, Suite 1500, Toronto, ON, M5H 3T4, (800) 387-0830, Fax: (416) 364-1163, www.franklintempleton.ca.
United States and Latin America: Franklin Resources, Inc. and its subsidiaries offer investment management services through multiple investment advisers registered with the SEC. Franklin Templeton, One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, 1-800-321-8563, ftinstitutional.com.
EMEA:
UK: Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited (FTIML), registered office: Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street, London, EC4N 6HL. Tel +44 (0)20 7073 8500. Authorised and regulated in the United Kingdom by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Luxembourg: Franklin Templeton International Services S.à r.l. (FTIS), registered office 8A, rue Albert Borschette, L-1246 Luxembourg. Authorised and regulated in Luxembourg by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) and authorised to conduct specific investment business in other European countries via UCITS and AIFMD outward service or via any of the following outbound FTIS S.à.r.l. branches as listed below:
Germany: FTIS Branch Frankfurt, Mainzer Landstr. 16, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Tel +49 (0) 69/27223-557, Fax +49 (0) 69/27223-622, [email protected].
Netherlands: Franklin Templeton International Services Sàrl, Dutch branch, NoMA House, Gustav Mahlerlaan 1212, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Tel +31 (0) 20 575 2890.
Romania: Franklin Templeton International Services S.À R.L. Luxembourg, Bucharest Branch, at 78-80 Buzesti Str, Premium Point, 8th Floor, Bucharest 1, 011017, Romania. Registered with Romania Financial Supervisory Authority under no. PJM07.1AFIASMDLUX0037/10 March 2016 and authorized and regulated in Luxembourg by Commission de Surveillance du Secture Financiere. Telephone: + 40 21 200 9600.
Spain: Franklin Templeton International Services S.à r.l. -Spanish Branch, Professional of the Financial Sector under the Supervision of CNMV, José Ortega y Gasset 29, Madrid, Spain. Tel +34 91 426 3600, Fax +34 91 577 1857.
Sweden: Franklin Templeton International Services S.à.r.l., Swedish branch c/o Cecil Coworking, Norrlandsgatan 10, 111 43 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel +46 (0)8 545 012 30, [email protected].
South Africa: Franklin Templeton Investments SA (PTY) Ltd., which is an authorised Financial Services Provider. Kildare House, The Oval, 1 Oakdale Road,
Newlands, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa. Tel +27 (21) 831 7400, Fax +27 (11) 341 2301, www.franklintempleton.co.za.
Switzerland: Franklin Templeton Switzerland Ltd., Stockerstrasse 38, CH 8002 Zurich, Switzerland. Tel +41 44 217 81 81, Fax +41 44 217 81 82, [email protected].
United Arab Emirates: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investments (ME) Limited, authorised and regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. Dubai office: Franklin Templeton Investments, The Gate, East Wing, Level 2, Dubai International Financial Centre, P.O. Box 506613, Dubai, U . E. Tel +9714 4284100, Fax +9714 4284140.
This is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase securities in any jurisdiction where it would be illegal to do so.
Important Information
Institutional Separate Accounts: Investment advisory and management services for separate accounts are provided by Putnam Investment Management, LLC, The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC and/or Putnam Investments Limited®. Investment minimums apply to separate accounts and may vary across strategies.
Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): U.S.-registered mutual funds are distributed by Putnam Retail Management. Putnam funds are not exchangeable for funds distributed by Franklin Distributors, LLC. Prior to July 2, 2024, Foreside Fund Services, LLC served as distributor of Putnam ETFs. Prior to August 2, 2024, Putnam Retail Management, LP served as distributor of Putnam funds and services. Putnam Retail Management, LP and Putnam Investments are not affiliated with Foreside Fund Services, LLC. Investors should carefully consider a fund's investment goals, risks, sales charges and expenses before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing or sending money.
Retail Separately Managed Accounts (SMAs): Putnam Investment Management, LLC acts as a discretionary investment manager or non-discretionary model provider in a variety of retail separately managed account programs and platforms (“SMA Programs”) sponsored by non-affiliated financial intermediaries (each, a “Sponsor Firm”). Through various Sponsor Firms, Putnam offers model-delivery SMAs as well as single- and dual-contract SMAs through a range of actively managed equity strategies. SMA Programs may require a minimum asset level and, depending on specific investment objectives and financial position, may not be appropriate for all investors.
UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities): Funds are subfunds of Putnam World Trust, an umbrella unit trust domiciled in Ireland. The trust is established as an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations, 2011 (as amended). The Manager of the Putnam World Trust Funds (“PWT Funds”) is Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited (“Carne”). Carne is authorized and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Putnam Investments Limited is the distributor of the PWT Funds. Fund units may not be offered or sold to citizens or residents of the United States of America or in any other country, state, or jurisdictions where it would be unlawful to offer, solicit an offer for, or sell the units.
Collective Investment Trusts (CITs): Putnam-operated collective investment trusts are managed and distributed by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, LLC (”PFTC”), a non-depository New Hampshire trust company. However, it is not FDIC insured; is not a deposit or other obligation of, and is not guaranteed by, PFTC or any of its affiliates. The funds are not mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and their units are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The funds are only available for investment by eligible, qualified retirement plan trusts, as defined in the declaration of trust and participation agreement. Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company and Putnam Investments are Franklin Templeton companies.
Great Gray-operated collective investment trusts (“Great Gray Funds”) are managed and distributed by Great Gray Trust Company, LLC. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC serves as the Trustee of the Great Gray Funds and maintains ultimate fiduciary authority over the management of, and investments made in, the Great Gray Funds. Great Gray Funds and their units are exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Securities Act of 1933, respectively. The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC is the sub-advisor. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC is not affiliated with Putnam Investments. Participation in Great Gray Funds s is limited primarily to qualified retirement plans and certain state or local government plans and is not available to IRAs, health and welfare plans and, in certain cases, Keogh (H.R. 10) plans.