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Each Franklin Templeton affiliated investment manager understands its fiduciary duty to vote proxies and further understands that proxy voting decisions may affect the value of shareholdings. US-registered and other investment managers have adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that serve as a guideline for proxy voting decisions and detail the process by which such decisions are made. Proxy votes are a client asset and are always executed in the best interests of our advisory clients.

Franklin Templeton’s Stewardship Team provides administrative services and in-house research to several Franklin Templeton investment advisers and affiliated subsidiaries. Further information as to how this team supports our investment advisers is detailed in the policies of the relevant advisers below.

Please click on the link below for your investment manager's current proxy voting policies and procedures.

Advisory clients may request copies of their proxy voting records by calling the Franklin Templeton Stewardship Team collect at 1-954-527-7678, or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301, Attention: FT Stewardship (Proxy Group).

Please see below for the online proxy voting records as required under Form NP-X. Utilize the filters to search for a specific issuer meeting, fund family or fund.

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Franklin Distributors, LLC. Member FINRA/SIPC.

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