All investments involve risk, including possible loss of principal. Please see each product's web page for specific details regarding investment objective, risks, performance, and other important information. Review this information carefully before you make any investment decision.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
No assurance can be given that the investment objective will be achieved or that an investor will receive a return of all or part of his or her initial investment. Actual results could be materially different from the stated goals. Putnam Investments does not guarantee any minimum level of investment performance or the success of any investment strategy. Investors should carefully consider the risks involved before deciding to invest. As with any investment, there is a potential for profit as well as the possibility of loss. Use of models and analytical, quantitative and risk management tools and techniques is no guarantee of investment success or positive performance.
This website is a general communication and is provided for informational and/or educational purposes only. The information and content contained herein does not constitute and is not intended to constitute an offer of any kind, including securities and accordingly should not be construed as such. Any products or services referenced on this website are for informational purposes only and may not be licensed or permitted to be purchased in your jurisdiction, and unless otherwise indicated, no regulator or government authority has reviewed this website, or the merits of the products and services referenced. None of the information and content should be viewed as a suggestion that you take or refrain from taking any action nor as a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other such purpose. Your use of this website indicates that you agree with the intended purpose. Prior to making any investment or financial decision, you should seek individualized advice from a personal financial, tax, and other professionals who are able to provide advice in the context of your particular financial situation. Before acting on any information on this website you should be well informed of and observe all applicable laws, rules and regulations of your home jurisdiction and obtain independent advice if required.
Franklin Distributors, LLC. Member FINRA/SIPC.
Institutional Separate Accounts: Investment advisory and management services for separate accounts are provided by Putnam Investment Management, LLC, The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC and/or Putnam Investments Limited®. Investment minimums apply to separate accounts and may vary across strategies.
Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): U.S.-registered mutual funds are distributed by Franklin Distributors, LLC. Putnam funds are not exchangeable for funds distributed by Franklin Distributors, LLC. Investors should carefully consider a fund's investment goals, risks, sales charges and expenses before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing or sending money.
Retail Separately Managed Accounts (SMAs): Putnam Investment Management, LLC acts as a discretionary investment manager or non-discretionary model provider in a variety of retail separately managed account programs and platforms (“SMA Programs”) sponsored by non-affiliated financial intermediaries (each, a “Sponsor Firm”). Through various Sponsor Firms, Putnam offers model-delivery SMAs as well as single- and dual-contract SMAs through a range of actively managed equity strategies. SMA Programs may require a minimum asset level and, depending on specific investment objectives and financial position, may not be appropriate for all investors.
UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities): Funds are subfunds of Putnam World Trust, an umbrella unit trust domiciled in Ireland. The trust is established as an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations, 2011 (as amended). The Manager of the Putnam World Trust Funds (“PWT Funds”) is Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited (“Carne”). Carne is authorized and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Putnam Investments Limited is the distributor of the PWT Funds. Fund units may not be offered or sold to citizens or residents of the United States of America or in any other country, state, or jurisdictions where it would be unlawful to offer, solicit an offer for, or sell the units.
Collective Investment Trusts (CITs): Putnam-operated collective investment trusts are managed and distributed by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, LLC (”PFTC”), a non-depository New Hampshire trust company. However, it is not FDIC insured; is not a deposit or other obligation of, and is not guaranteed by, PFTC or any of its affiliates. The funds are not mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and their units are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The funds are only available for investment by eligible, qualified retirement plan trusts, as defined in the declaration of trust and participation agreement. Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company and Putnam Investments are Franklin Templeton companies.
Great Gray-operated collective investment trusts (“Great Gray Funds”) are managed and distributed by Great Gray Trust Company, LLC. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC serves as the Trustee of the Great Gray Funds and maintains ultimate fiduciary authority over the management of, and investments made in, the Great Gray Funds. Great Gray Funds and their units are exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Securities Act of 1933, respectively. The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC is the sub-advisor. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC is not affiliated with Putnam Investments. Participation in Great Gray Funds is limited primarily to qualified retirement plans and certain state or local government plans and is not available to IRAs, health and welfare plans and, in certain cases, Keogh (H.R. 10) plans.